{"id":7916,"date":"2026-11-09T10:40:53","date_gmt":"2026-11-09T07:40:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ide.org.tr\/?p=7916"},"modified":"2026-11-13T10:42:25","modified_gmt":"2026-11-13T07:42:25","slug":"ide-akademi-islam-dusuncesinde-usul-ve-metodoloji-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ide.org.tr\/index.php\/2026\/11\/09\/ide-akademi-islam-dusuncesinde-usul-ve-metodoloji-4\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130DE Akademi | \u0130slam D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde Us\u00fbl ve Metodoloji \u2013 4"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Esbab-\u0131 N\u00fczul Esbab-\u0131 Vucud De\u011fildir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prof. Dr. Mehmet G\u00f6rmez hocam\u0131z, \u0130slam D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde Us\u00fbl ve Metodoloji dersinde Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n nazil oldu\u011fu topluma hitap eden y\u00f6n\u00fc ile n\u00fczul\u00fcnden sonra k\u0131yamete kadar gelecek b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlara ve b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7a\u011flara hitap eden ve\u00e7hesi aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi ele ald\u0131. Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131 do\u011fru anlaman\u0131n, bu iki y\u00f6n\u00fc birlikte de\u011ferlendirmeyi gerektirdi\u011fini vurgulayan hocam\u0131z, \u015fu hususlara de\u011findi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0130nsan\u0131n Kur\u2019an\u2019la ili\u015fkisinde aslolan, onu bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma nesnesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek de\u011fil; mebde ve mead\u0131 bildiren, d\u00fcnya ve ahirette saadetin kayna\u011f\u0131 olan bir kitap olarak ona tabi olmak ve hizmet etmektir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131 nazil oldu\u011fu belirli bir tarih, zaman, mek\u00e2n, co\u011frafya, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve ilk muhataplar\u0131 \u00fczerinden tan\u0131mlama, anlama ve yorumlama \u00e7abas\u0131 modern zamanlarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir okuma bi\u00e7imidir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u015e\u00fcphesiz tefsir, tevil gelene\u011fimizde Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n nazil oldu\u011fu ortam\u0131, ba\u011flam\u0131, siyak\u0131, sibak\u0131, esbab-\u0131 n\u00fczul\u00fcn\u00fc anlamak \u00f6nemlidir. Ancak tarihsel ba\u011flam\u0131 dikkate almakla Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n mesaj\u0131n\u0131 o ba\u011flamla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmak birbirinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n yirmi \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lda tedricen nazil olmas\u0131, onun kendi usul\u00fcn\u00fcn bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n bir y\u00f6n\u00fc ilk muhataplar\u0131na ve onlar\u0131n d\u00fcnyas\u0131na, di\u011fer y\u00f6n\u00fc ise k\u0131yamete kadar b\u00fct\u00fcn insanl\u0131\u011fa hitap eder. Ba\u011flam\u0131 yok sayarak Kur\u2019an\u2019dan fizik, kimya veya uzay teknolojisi \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak da onu belirli \u015fah\u0131slara, co\u011frafyaya ve tarihe hapsetmek de bu b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bozar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cYes\u2019el\u00fbneke\u201d (Sana soruyorlar) ifadesiyle ba\u015flay\u0131p \u201cKul\u201d (De ki) emriyle cevaplanan ayetler, ilk muhataplarla kurulan diyalo\u011fun evrensel bir \u00f6\u011fretime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesini g\u00f6sterir. \u0130nfak, i\u00e7ki, kumar ve yetimler hakk\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcmler, yaln\u0131zca bu sorular\u0131n sorulmu\u015f olmas\u0131na ba\u011flanamaz. Kur\u2019an, Hz. Peygamber ile toplum aras\u0131ndaki canl\u0131 diyalo\u011fu b\u00fct\u00fcn nesillere hitap eden bir soru-cevap \u00fcslubuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Esb\u00e2b-\u0131 n\u00fczul, ayetin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur; ancak anlam\u0131n\u0131 belirli bir hadiseyle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmaz. Meydana gelen olaylar ve sorulan sorular, vahyi belirleyen zorunlu sebepler de\u011fildir. Nitekim her ayetin bir n\u00fczul sebebi de yoktur. Bu konuda temel ilke \u015fudur: \u201cEsb\u00e2b-\u0131 n\u00fcz\u00fbl, esb\u00e2b-\u0131 v\u00fcc\u00fbd de\u011fildir; bir ayetin ini\u015f sebebi, o ayetin varl\u0131k sebebi olamaz.\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n \u015fah\u0131s, yer ve mek\u00e2n isimlerine s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 yer vermesi de bu evrensel \u00fcslubun bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar \u00e7o\u011funlukla isimleriyle de\u011fil, imanlar\u0131, davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve ahl\u00e2k\u00ee vas\u0131flar\u0131yla an\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece anlat\u0131m, belirli ki\u015fileri tan\u0131tman\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7erek her \u00e7a\u011fda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131labilecek insan tiplerini ortaya koyar. Sahabenin muhacirler, ensar ve \u00f6nc\u00fcler gibi vas\u0131flarla an\u0131lmas\u0131 bu bak\u0131mdan \u00f6nemlidir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kad\u0131nlardan yaln\u0131zca Hz. Meryem\u2019in ad\u0131n\u0131n zikredilmesi, Peygamber e\u015flerinin \u201cm\u00fcminlerin anneleri\u201d olarak an\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u0130fk Hadisesi\u2019nde Hz. \u00c2i\u015fe\u2019nin ismine yer verilmemesi de bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. \u00d6zellikle iftiraya ili\u015fkin ayetler, belirli bir hadiseden hareketle b\u00fct\u00fcn iffetli insanlar\u0131n onurunu koruyan ilkeler ortaya koyar. Benzer \u015fekilde ink\u00e2r ve ta\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k da \u00e7o\u011fu zaman \u015fah\u0131s isimleri \u00fczerinden de\u011fil, tutum ve davran\u0131\u015flar \u00fczerinden anlat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n sava\u015flar\u0131 anlat\u0131m\u0131nda da tarih\u00ee ayr\u0131nt\u0131lardan \u00e7ok ahl\u00e2k\u00ee ilkeler \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar. Bedir ve Huneyn d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki sava\u015flara isimleri zikredilmeden i\u015faret edilir. Uhud\u2019a ili\u015fkin ayetlerde olaylar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, \u00f6l\u00fc ve yaral\u0131 say\u0131lar\u0131 yerine sava\u015f ahl\u00e2k\u0131, sorumluluk ve toplumsal hadiselerin i\u015fleyi\u015fine ili\u015fkin ilah\u00ee yasalar \u00fczerinde durulur. B\u00f6ylece ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f bir sava\u015f, sonraki nesiller i\u00e7in de bir ibret ve rehberlik kayna\u011f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00fcnaf\u0131klarla ilgili ayetlerde isimler yerine karakter \u00f6zellikleri anlat\u0131l\u0131r. D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fleri, s\u00f6zleri ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00fczerinden nifak\u0131n psikolojik ve toplumsal belirtileri ortaya konur. Mescid-i D\u0131r\u00e2r ile takva \u00fczere kurulan mescit aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131m da yaln\u0131zca iki yap\u0131ya ili\u015fkin de\u011fildir; din\u00ee mek\u00e2nlar\u0131n hangi niyetle kuruldu\u011funu ve neye hizmet etti\u011fini de\u011ferlendirmeye imk\u00e2n verir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kur\u2019an, mesaj\u0131n\u0131 evrenselle\u015ftirirken i\u015faret isimlerinden, zamirlerden, me\u00e7hul sigalardan ve \u00f6zellikle ism-i mevsullerden yararlan\u0131r. \u201cEllez\u00ee\u201d, \u201cellez\u00eene\u201d, \u201cellet\u00ee\u201d, \u201cmen\u201d ve \u201cm\u00e2\u201d gibi ifadeler, dikkati ki\u015finin isminden onun vasf\u0131na ve fiiline y\u00f6neltir. B\u00f6ylece belirli bir olay \u00fczerinden dile getirilen ilke, ayn\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6steren b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131 ku\u015fat\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00e2\u00fbn s\u00fbresinde dini yalanlayan, Alak s\u00fbresinde namaz k\u0131lan bir kulu engelleyen kimsenin ad\u0131 yerine davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n zikredilmesi bu \u00fcslubun \u00f6rneklerindendir. M\u00fc\u2019min\u00fbn ve Furk\u00e2n s\u00fbrelerinde de m\u00fcminlerin vas\u0131flar\u0131 \u201cellez\u00eene\u201d ifadeleriyle s\u0131ralan\u0131r. Burada esas olan, belirli \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131 tan\u0131maktan ziyade \u00f6v\u00fclen nitelikleri kazanmak ve yerilen davran\u0131\u015flardan uzak durmakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00fcc\u00e2dile s\u00fbresinde kocas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda Hz. Peygamber ile konu\u015fan kad\u0131n\u0131n ismi yerine \u201cseninle tart\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131n\u201d anlam\u0131ndaki ifadenin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 da ayn\u0131 bak\u0131mdan \u00f6nemlidir. Bir kad\u0131n\u0131n hak aray\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u015fahs\u00ee bir hadise olarak b\u0131rak\u0131lmaz; sonraki nesillere de hitap eden bir ilkeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Tarihselci yorumlara dayanak g\u00f6sterilen bu t\u00fcr \u00f6rnekler, asl\u0131nda Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n mesaj\u0131n\u0131 evrenselle\u015ftiren \u00fcslubunu ortaya koyar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kur\u2019an\u2019daki \u201cinsan\u201d ve \u201cinsanlar\u201d ifadeleri, yaln\u0131zca ayetlerin indi\u011fi d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fayan kimselerle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lamaz. Kur\u2019an, b\u00fct\u00fcn insanl\u0131k i\u00e7in bir beyan ve hidayet rehberidir. \u0130nsan\u0131n nank\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, ta\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, tahamm\u00fcls\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc veya ziyanda olu\u015funu bildiren ayetler de belirli \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131 a\u015fan, insan\u0131n tabiat\u0131na ve sorumlulu\u011funa ili\u015fkin mesajlar ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kur\u2019an\u2019la aram\u0131zdaki mesafe, yaln\u0131zca aradan ge\u00e7en as\u0131rlarla a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz. As\u0131l \u00fczerinde durulmas\u0131 gereken, kalbimiz ve zihnimiz ile Kur\u2019an aras\u0131ndaki uzakl\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu mesafeyi kapatman\u0131n yolu, vahyi ge\u00e7mi\u015fe hapsetmek de\u011fil, onun hitab\u0131yla yeniden ili\u015fki kurmakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n ilk muhataplar\u0131na bakan y\u00f6n\u00fcyle b\u00fct\u00fcn as\u0131rlara hitap eden y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc birbirinden koparmak, onun dil ve anlam b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131 yaln\u0131zca akl\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendiren, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n kal\u0131plar\u0131na uyduran, sek\u00fclerle\u015ftiren veya tarihsel bir metne indirgeyen okumalar kabul edilemez. Yanl\u0131\u015f yorumlar, ba\u015fka bir yanl\u0131\u015fla d\u00fczeltilemez. Sahih anlama; Allah\u2019\u0131n, Res\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n, varl\u0131k ve k\u00e2inat\u0131n, muhatap insan\u0131n ve Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n kendi hakk\u0131n\u0131 birlikte g\u00f6zeten b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir us\u00fbl\u00fc gerektirir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Esbab-\u0131 N\u00fczul Esbab-\u0131 Vucud De\u011fildir Prof. Dr. Mehmet G\u00f6rmez hocam\u0131z, \u0130slam D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde Us\u00fbl ve Metodoloji dersinde Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n nazil oldu\u011fu topluma hitap eden y\u00f6n\u00fc ile n\u00fczul\u00fcnden sonra k\u0131yamete kadar gelecek b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlara ve b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7a\u011flara hitap eden ve\u00e7hesi aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi ele ald\u0131. Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131 do\u011fru anlaman\u0131n, bu iki y\u00f6n\u00fc birlikte de\u011ferlendirmeyi gerektirdi\u011fini vurgulayan hocam\u0131z, \u015fu hususlara de\u011findi:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7917,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","postBodyCss":"","postBodyMargin":[],"postBodyPadding":[],"postBodyBackground":{"backgroundType":"classic","gradient":""},"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,102],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7916","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ders-ozetleri","category-islam-dusuncesinde-usul-ve-metodoloji-2026-2027"],"gutslider_comments":0,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7916","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7916"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7916\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7918,"href":"https:\/\/ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7916\/revisions\/7918"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7917"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7916"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7916"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7916"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}