Analitik Tefsir Okumalar\u0131\u2019nda Dr. Halil \u015eim\u015fek hocam\u0131zla Muk\u0101til b. S\u00fcleyman\u2019\u0131n Kalem s\u00fbresi tefsirini okumaya devam ettik. Bu derste okumam\u0131za y\u00f6n veren sorulardan biri, \u00e2yetlerin a\u00e7\u0131k ifadeleriyle m\u00fcfessirin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l ay\u0131rt edebilece\u011fimizdi. Hocam\u0131z, yorumlar\u0131n dayanaklar\u0131n\u0131 sorgularken dil, tarih ve ba\u011flam a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131kta kalan meseleleri sonraki tefsirlerle yapaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalarda da takip etmenin \u00f6nemine dikkat \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6nceki derste ele al\u0131nan \u201cn\u00fbn\u201d, kalem ve yaz\u0131lanlara ili\u015fkin yorumlar, bu soruyu yeniden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek i\u00e7in ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 olu\u015fturdu. Muk\u0101til\u2019in baz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131 rivayet zikretmeden sundu\u011funu hat\u0131rlatan hocam\u0131z, b\u00f6yle durumlarda m\u00fcfessirin kendi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m\u0131yla m\u0131 yoksa aktarmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir rivayetle mi hareket etti\u011fini yaln\u0131zca mevcut metinden belirlemenin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yorumun dayanaklar\u0131na ili\u015fkin bu sorgulama, s\u00fbrede ele\u015ftirilen ki\u015filerin \u00f6zellikleri okunurken de s\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u201cZen\u00eem\u201d kelimesinin fiziksel bir alamet olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131, belirli bir ki\u015fiye i\u015faret ediliyor olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcrken tarihsel muhatab\u0131 tan\u0131makla \u00e2yetin daha genel ahl\u00e2k\u00ee mesaj\u0131n\u0131 anlamak aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi de g\u00fcndeme getirdi. Ayn\u0131 ba\u011flamda ge\u00e7en \u201ceskilerin masallar\u0131\u201d ifadesi ise muhataplar\u0131n daha \u00f6nce hangi k\u0131ssalar\u0131 duymu\u015f olabilecekleri sorusuna kap\u0131 aralad\u0131. Hocam\u0131z, bu sorudan hareketle, bir s\u00fbrenin n\u00fcz\u00fbl s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki yerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e2yetlerinin ayn\u0131 zamanda indi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmeyebilece\u011fini hat\u0131rlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00f6ylece kelimelerin anlam\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n yan\u0131nda, hitab\u0131n hangi ortamda ve neye kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k s\u00f6ylendi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin \u00f6nemi de \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. S\u00fbrenin ilerleyen \u00e2yetlerinde m\u00fcminlerle m\u00fccrimlerin ayn\u0131 tutulup tutulmayaca\u011f\u0131 sorulurken muhataplar\u0131n beklentilerini neye dayand\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 da sorgulan\u0131yordu. Hocam\u0131z, bu ak\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde yer alan \u201cEm lekum kit\u00e2bun f\u00eehi tedrus\u00fbn\u201d ifadesindeki \u201ckitap\u201d kelimesini ilah\u00ee bildiri veya s\u00f6z anlam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirmeyi \u00f6nerdi. Kelimeyi bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rlamadan okuman\u0131n, y\u00f6neltilen soruyu anlamaya katk\u0131da bulunabilece\u011fine de\u011findi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dil ve ba\u011flam\u0131n yorumdaki yeri, \u201cYevme y\u00fck\u015fefu an s\u00e2k\u201d ifadesinde rivayetlerle birlikte ele al\u0131nd\u0131. Hocam\u0131z, ifadenin i\u015flerin \u015fiddetlendi\u011fi an\u0131 anlatan bir deyim olarak da beden\u00ee bir anlamla da yorumland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Muk\u0101til\u2019in bu farkl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bir tercihte bulunmadan aktarmas\u0131, dersin ba\u015f\u0131ndaki soruya yeniden d\u00f6nmemize vesile oldu: M\u00fcfessir hangi a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 bir araya getiriyor ve bunlar aras\u0131nda nas\u0131l bir ili\u015fki kuruyordu?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u00fbrenin sonuna do\u011fru ise yorumlar\u0131n tek tek incelenmesinden hitab\u0131n genel ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fcld\u00fc. \u0130stidr\u00e2c ve m\u00fchlet verilmesine ili\u015fkin ifadelerin ard\u0131ndan gelen sab\u0131r \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, Hz. Y\u00fbnus\u2019a yap\u0131lan at\u0131fla birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi. Hocam\u0131z, bu \u00e2yetlerde Hz. Peygamber\u2019e y\u00f6neltilen uyar\u0131yla tesellinin i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7ti\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekti. S\u00fbrenin kapan\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki hat\u0131rlatma vurgusu da bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, tebli\u011f g\u00f6reviyle muhatab\u0131n verece\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131m \u00fczerinden ele al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hocam\u0131z\u0131n kendi de\u011ferlendirmeleriyle Muk\u0101til\u2019in a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131rarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu okumada, metne d\u00f6n\u00fcp yeniden soru sormak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n, m\u00fcfessirin ne s\u00f6yledi\u011fi kadar bunu nas\u0131l ve hangi dayanaklarla s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u00fczerine de birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye vesile olmas\u0131 hedefleniyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Analitik Tefsir Okumalar\u0131\u2019nda Dr. Halil \u015eim\u015fek hocam\u0131zla Muk\u0101til b. S\u00fcleyman\u2019\u0131n Kalem s\u00fbresi tefsirini okumaya devam ettik. Bu derste okumam\u0131za y\u00f6n veren sorulardan biri, \u00e2yetlerin a\u00e7\u0131k ifadeleriyle m\u00fcfessirin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l ay\u0131rt edebilece\u011fimizdi. Hocam\u0131z, yorumlar\u0131n dayanaklar\u0131n\u0131 sorgularken dil, tarih ve ba\u011flam a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131kta kalan meseleleri sonraki tefsirlerle yapaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalarda da takip etmenin \u00f6nemine dikkat \u00e7ekti. \u00d6nceki derste … <\/p>\n