{"id":7854,"date":"2026-10-26T09:57:22","date_gmt":"2026-10-26T06:57:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ide.org.tr\/?p=7854"},"modified":"2026-10-28T09:58:38","modified_gmt":"2026-10-28T06:58:38","slug":"ide-akademi-fikih-ve-fikih-usulunde-kurucu-metinler-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ide.org.tr\/index.php\/2026\/10\/26\/ide-akademi-fikih-ve-fikih-usulunde-kurucu-metinler-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130DE Akademi | F\u0131k\u0131h ve F\u0131k\u0131h Usul\u00fcnde Kurucu Metinler"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Prof. Dr. Ahmet Temel<\/strong> hocam\u0131z, bu haftaki dersinde \u0130mam \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee\u2019nin er-Ris\u00e2le adl\u0131 eserinde yer alan bey\u00e2n bahsini ele ald\u0131. Ders boyunca Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmleri a\u00e7\u0131klama bi\u00e7imleri, S\u00fcnnet\u2019in bu a\u00e7\u0131klamadaki konumu ve i\u00e7tihad\u0131n \u015fer\u2018\u00ee h\u00fck\u00fcmlere ula\u015fmadaki yeri \u00fczerinde duruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\u0131k\u0131h usul\u00fc tarihinde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan ilk eser olarak kabul edilen er-Ris\u00e2le, sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde sistematikle\u015fen usul literat\u00fcr\u00fcnden farkl\u0131 olarak hen\u00fcz terim ve tasnifleri b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle yerle\u015fmemi\u015f bir d\u00f6nemin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bununla birlikte \u0130mam \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee, \u00f6nceki f\u0131k\u0131h metinlerinde meseleler ve rivayetler \u00fczerinden takip edilebilen usul\u00ee yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 do\u011frudan teorik tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n konusu h\u00e2line getirmi\u015ftir. Eserin f\u0131k\u0131h usul\u00fc tarihindeki belirleyici etkisi, haber-i v\u00e2hidin s\u00fcnnet de\u011feri ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n temellendirilmesi, i\u00e7tihad\u0131n k\u0131yasla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u015fer\u2018\u00ee bir h\u00fckm\u00fcn mutlaka delile dayand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin teorik bir ilke h\u00e2line getirilmesidir. \u0130mam M\u00e2lik\u2019in Medine ehlinin amelini \u00f6nceleyen yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na ve K\u00fbfe fakihlerinin rivayetlerin kabul\u00fcnde ba\u015fvurduklar\u0131 ilave \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlere kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u0130mam \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee, g\u00fcvenilir bir senetle Hz. Peygamber\u2019e ula\u015fan haber-i v\u00e2hidin ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na delil de\u011feri ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunmu\u015ftur. Hicr\u00ee \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc asr\u0131n hadis ilminin alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 olarak nitelendirilmesi tesad\u00fcf de\u011fildir. \u0130mam \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee\u2019nin haber-i v\u00e2hidin delil de\u011ferine ili\u015fkin geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi teorik yakla\u015f\u0131m, bu d\u00f6nemde hadis ilminin kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 merkez\u00ee konum ve ehl-i hadis anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesiyle yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkilidir. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, ayn\u0131 zamanda Hanbel\u00ee mezhebinin te\u015fekk\u00fcl edece\u011fi ilm\u00ee zeminin olu\u015fmas\u0131na \u00f6nemli katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130mam \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee\u2019nin i\u00e7tihad\u0131 k\u0131yasla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmas\u0131 ve delilsiz h\u00fck\u00fcm verilemeyece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u0131srar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle istihsana y\u00f6neltti\u011fi ele\u015ftirilerde belirginle\u015fmektedir. \u015eer\u2018\u00ee h\u00fckm\u00fcn ki\u015fisel tercih veya be\u011feniye de\u011fil, Kitap ve S\u00fcnnet\u2019e dayanan bir istidlale dayanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, D\u00e2v\u00fbd b. Ali ez-Z\u00e2hir\u00ee \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde geli\u015fen Z\u00e2hir\u00eeli\u011fin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da etkili olmu\u015ftur. Bununla birlikte Z\u00e2hir\u00eeli\u011fin k\u0131yas\u0131 reddetmesi, \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee\u2019nin delile ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sonraki d\u00f6nemde farkl\u0131 bir istikamette geli\u015ftirildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. \u0130mam \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee\u2019nin icman\u0131n kapsam\u0131na ili\u015fkin getirdi\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar ise icman\u0131n hangi \u015fartlarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilece\u011fi, kimlerin ittifak\u0131n\u0131n icma say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ve ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l temellendirilece\u011fi gibi meselelerin sonraki f\u0131k\u0131h usul\u00fc literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na zemin haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece er-Ris\u00e2le, yaln\u0131zca kendi d\u00f6neminin usul\u00ee meselelerini ele alan bir eser olman\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, sonraki as\u0131rlarda farkl\u0131 f\u0131k\u0131h ekollerinin delil ve y\u00f6ntem anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirdikleri temel metinlerden biri h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">er-Ris\u00e2lenin Bey\u00e2n bahsinde \u0130mam \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee, \u015fer\u2018\u00ee h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin farkl\u0131 yollarla a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131n\u0131 beyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli t\u00fcrleri \u00fczerinden temellendirmektedir. Hac s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fte yedi g\u00fcn oru\u00e7 tutulmas\u0131n\u0131 bildiren ayette toplam\u0131n ayr\u0131ca on g\u00fcn olarak belirtilmesi ve Hz. M\u00fbs\u00e2\u2019ya verilen otuz geceye on gece eklenerek s\u00fcrenin k\u0131rk geceye tamamlanmas\u0131, Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n h\u00fckm\u00fc yaln\u0131zca bildirmekle kalmay\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 peki\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u00f6rneklerdir. Bu \u00f6rnekler \u00fczerinden beyan\u0131n en a\u00e7\u0131k derecesi ortaya konulurken h\u00fckm\u00fcn farziyetinin Kur\u2019an\u2019da bildirilip uygulama bi\u00e7iminin S\u00fcnnet\u2019e b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlar da ayr\u0131 bir kategori olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Namaz\u0131n vakitleri ve rek\u00e2tlar\u0131 ile abdestin uygulan\u0131\u015f\u0131na ili\u015fkin ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar, Hz. Peygamber\u2019in s\u00fcnnetinin Kur\u2019an\u2019da bildirilen h\u00fck\u00fcmleri nas\u0131l a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Bunun yan\u0131nda Kur\u2019an\u2019da do\u011frudan h\u00fckm\u00fc bulunmayan meselelerde S\u00fcnnet\u2019in ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na h\u00fck\u00fcm bildirmesi de beyan\u0131n kapsam\u0131na d\u00e2hil edilmektedir. \u0130mam \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee\u2019nin Kur\u2019an\u2019da ge\u00e7en hikmet kavram\u0131n\u0131 S\u00fcnnet\u2019le ili\u015fkilendirmesi ve Hz. Peygamber\u2019e itaati Allah\u2019\u0131n emrine dayand\u0131rmas\u0131, S\u00fcnnet\u2019in bu otoritesini temellendirmektedir. \u201c\u0130z\u00e2 sahha\u2019l-had\u00ees\u00fc fe-h\u00fcve mezheb\u00ee\u201d (\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0635\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a), yani \u201cHadis sahihse mezhebim odur.\u201d \u015feklinde nakledilen s\u00f6z\u00fc de \u0130mam \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee\u2019nin sahih rivayete atfetti\u011fi delil de\u011ferini yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bey\u00e2n\u0131n bir di\u011fer boyutunu olu\u015fturan i\u00e7tihat, \u0130mam \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee taraf\u0131ndan \u015e\u00e2ri\u2018in kullar\u0131na b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve onlar\u0131 sorumlu tuttu\u011fu bir alan olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. K\u00e2be\u2019yi do\u011frudan g\u00f6remeyen ki\u015finin k\u0131ble y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc belirlemek i\u00e7in g\u00fcne\u015ften, y\u0131ld\u0131zlardan ve di\u011fer i\u015faretlerden yararlanmas\u0131, i\u00e7tihad\u0131n yaln\u0131zca bir imk\u00e2n de\u011fil, din\u00ee y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yerine getirilmesinde ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 gereken bir y\u00f6ntem oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. K\u0131bleyi ara\u015ft\u0131rarak namaz k\u0131lan ki\u015finin sonradan y\u00f6n\u00fc yanl\u0131\u015f belirledi\u011finin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 da bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f; usul\u00fcne uygun bir \u00e7abayla ula\u015f\u0131lan zann\u00ee bilginin din\u00ee sorumlulu\u011fun yerine getirilmesinde de\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde durulmu\u015ftur. \u0130hram yasaklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlalinde denkli\u011fin belirlenmesi ve adalet sahibi ki\u015filerin de\u011ferlendirmesine ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 gibi \u00f6rnekler de h\u00fckme ula\u015fman\u0131n delile dayal\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 gerektirdi\u011fini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. \u0130mam \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee, k\u0131yas\u0131 Kitap ve S\u00fcnnet\u2019teki delillerle uygunluk kurarak h\u00fckme ula\u015fman\u0131n y\u00f6ntemi olarak temellendirirken i\u00e7tihad\u0131 da bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. er-Ris\u00e2lede yer alan \u201cPeygamber d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7 kimse istidlalde bulunmaks\u0131z\u0131n bir \u015fey s\u00f6yleyemez.\u201d ilkesi, bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece \u0130mam \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee, \u015fer\u2018\u00ee h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin ki\u015fisel be\u011feni ve tercihlerle de\u011fil, delillerin belirli bir usul i\u00e7erisinde de\u011ferlendirilmesiyle temellendirilmesi gerekti\u011fini ortaya koymakta; bey\u00e2n teorisi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Kur\u2019an, S\u00fcnnet ve i\u00e7tihad\u0131n h\u00fckme ula\u015fmadaki yerini b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc bir \u00e7er\u00e7evede a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Prof. Dr. Ahmet Temel hocam\u0131z, bu haftaki dersinde \u0130mam \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee\u2019nin er-Ris\u00e2le adl\u0131 eserinde yer alan bey\u00e2n bahsini ele ald\u0131. Ders boyunca Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmleri a\u00e7\u0131klama bi\u00e7imleri, S\u00fcnnet\u2019in bu a\u00e7\u0131klamadaki konumu ve i\u00e7tihad\u0131n \u015fer\u2018\u00ee h\u00fck\u00fcmlere ula\u015fmadaki yeri \u00fczerinde duruldu. F\u0131k\u0131h usul\u00fc tarihinde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan ilk eser olarak kabul edilen er-Ris\u00e2le, sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde sistematikle\u015fen usul literat\u00fcr\u00fcnden farkl\u0131 olarak &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ide.org.tr\/index.php\/2026\/10\/26\/ide-akademi-fikih-ve-fikih-usulunde-kurucu-metinler-2\/\" class=\"more-link\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;\u0130DE Akademi | F\u0131k\u0131h ve F\u0131k\u0131h Usul\u00fcnde Kurucu Metinler&#8221;<\/span>devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7855,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","postBodyCss":"","postBodyMargin":[],"postBodyPadding":[],"postBodyBackground":{"backgroundType":"classic","gradient":""},"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,104],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7854","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ders-ozetleri","category-fikih-ve-fikih-usulunde-kurucu-metinler"],"gutslider_comments":0,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7854","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7854"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7854\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7856,"href":"https:\/\/ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7854\/revisions\/7856"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7855"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7854"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7854"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7854"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}